{"id":6626,"date":"2026-09-24T08:46:23","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T08:46:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=6626"},"modified":"2026-09-24T08:49:34","modified_gmt":"2026-09-24T08:49:34","slug":"%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%83-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=6626","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 Springer"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=””]<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629 (Springer).<\/strong><\/div>\n
\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a (AI) \u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/strong><\/div>\n
\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637” (TPB)\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a 88 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a.<\/strong><\/div>\n
\u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062f. \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645:<\/strong><\/div>\n
* \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a: \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/strong><\/div>\n
* \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0640\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/div>\n
* \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b: \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631.<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 .<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]

\"\"
<\/i><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div>
\"\"
<\/i><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=””] \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629 (Springer). \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a (AI) \u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637” (TPB)\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a 88 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062f. \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645: * \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a: \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627. * \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0640\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. * \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b: \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 .… \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 Springer<\/span><\/a> … <\/i>Read More<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":209,"featured_media":6563,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5,92],"tags":[147,66],"class_list":["post-6626","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-92","tag-147","tag-66"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 Springer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629 (Springer).\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=6626\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 Springer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629 (Springer).\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=6626\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-09-24T08:46:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-24T08:49:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/139\/2026\/09\/1d4a577e-8707-487e-866c-9051e8f43b95.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1598\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"hamsa\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"hamsa\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\\\/?p=6626#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\\\/?p=6626\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"hamsa\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f2b11316f272633f4797da5db302f1eb\"},\"headline\":\"\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 Springer\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-24T08:46:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-24T08:49:34+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\\\/?p=6626\"},\"wordCount\":36,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\\\/?p=6626#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/139\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/1d4a577e-8707-487e-866c-9051e8f43b95.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\",\"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\"],\"articleSection\":[\"\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\",\"\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\\\/?p=6626\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\\\/?p=6626\",\"name\":\"\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 Springer\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\\\/?p=6626#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\\\/?p=6626#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/139\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/1d4a577e-8707-487e-866c-9051e8f43b95.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-24T08:46:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-24T08:49:34+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f2b11316f272633f4797da5db302f1eb\"},\"description\":\"\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629 (Springer).\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\\\/?p=6626#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\\\/?p=6626\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\\\/?p=6626#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/139\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/1d4a577e-8707-487e-866c-9051e8f43b95.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/139\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/1d4a577e-8707-487e-866c-9051e8f43b95.jpg\",\"width\":1598,\"height\":1600},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\\\/?p=6626#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 Springer\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f2b11316f272633f4797da5db302f1eb\",\"name\":\"hamsa\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4e29a0d496605872546100b2f9d5ab9061e8a12d4db0fe7aca10bcfb814a8371?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4e29a0d496605872546100b2f9d5ab9061e8a12d4db0fe7aca10bcfb814a8371?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4e29a0d496605872546100b2f9d5ab9061e8a12d4db0fe7aca10bcfb814a8371?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"hamsa\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\\\/?author=209\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 Springer","description":"\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629 (Springer).","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=6626","og_locale":"ar_AR","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 Springer","og_description":"\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629 (Springer).","og_url":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=6626","og_site_name":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632","article_published_time":"2026-09-24T08:46:23+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-09-24T08:49:34+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1598,"height":1600,"url":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/139\/2026\/09\/1d4a577e-8707-487e-866c-9051e8f43b95.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"hamsa","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629":"hamsa","\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631":"3 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=6626#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=6626"},"author":{"name":"hamsa","@id":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/#\/schema\/person\/f2b11316f272633f4797da5db302f1eb"},"headline":"\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 Springer","datePublished":"2026-09-24T08:46:23+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-24T08:49:34+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=6626"},"wordCount":36,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=6626#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/139\/2026\/09\/1d4a577e-8707-487e-866c-9051e8f43b95.jpg","keywords":["\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f","\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632"],"articleSection":["\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631","\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a"],"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=6626","url":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=6626","name":"\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 Springer","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=6626#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=6626#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/139\/2026\/09\/1d4a577e-8707-487e-866c-9051e8f43b95.jpg","datePublished":"2026-09-24T08:46:23+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-24T08:49:34+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/#\/schema\/person\/f2b11316f272633f4797da5db302f1eb"},"description":"\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629 (Springer).","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=6626#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=6626"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=6626#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/139\/2026\/09\/1d4a577e-8707-487e-866c-9051e8f43b95.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/139\/2026\/09\/1d4a577e-8707-487e-866c-9051e8f43b95.jpg","width":1598,"height":1600},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=6626#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 Springer"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/#website","url":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/","name":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/#\/schema\/person\/f2b11316f272633f4797da5db302f1eb","name":"hamsa","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4e29a0d496605872546100b2f9d5ab9061e8a12d4db0fe7aca10bcfb814a8371?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4e29a0d496605872546100b2f9d5ab9061e8a12d4db0fe7aca10bcfb814a8371?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4e29a0d496605872546100b2f9d5ab9061e8a12d4db0fe7aca10bcfb814a8371?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"hamsa"},"url":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?author=209"}]}},"modified_by":"hamsa","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6626","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/209"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6626"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6626\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6627,"href":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6626\/revisions\/6627"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6563"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6626"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6626"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coe.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6626"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}